Last week I went to Durham’s Religion and Society Seminar and heard Steve Bruce from a sociologist from Aberdeen speak about the ‘Future of Religion in Britain’. He showed a clear decline in british church attendance over the past 100+ years but no corresponding increase in other religions. There is some growth, and even a proliferation, of alternative religions, but no popular adoption of these. The only growth in the UK has typically been only through birthrates, though some new style churches in large urban areas are doing better, but these only represent a very small percentage. He then offered his analysis of the decline:
His primary thesis is that religion is not innate but rather a cultural construct. Thus when the cultural supports for Christianity were dismantled due to modernism and post-modernism, Christianity in western Europe began to decline. In particular, he argued that the egoism, or individual consumerism, that is the basis of the british mind is what is now the context. This mindset fights against the ‘universal truth’ and institutionalism basis of organised religion. This is evident from the growing hostility against religion, especially among those that are younger.
Being a cultural construct, Bruce offered the comparison to that of a people’s language. When the language is dominant–both parents speak it, the neighbors speak it, the children can easily marry others who speak it, etc.–the language will survive and prosper. He offered (Welch/Scottish) gaelic as the most dominant parallel. With English (secularism) as the dominant language, gaelic (Christianity) is increasingly spoken only by those who either 1) live in an isolated area or 2) who choose to. Eventually, those in group 1 will dwindle and so will those in group two. Group 2 is what will eventually be where Christianity ends up. He offered the fact that the US, even with its high egoism/individual consumerism, still has a strong subculture of relgious activity. He noted particularly, that in the US one can go to fundamentalist education from birth to PhD without any serious interaction with those outside one’s tradition. With the educational structure in the UK, this would be very difficult.
This is a difficult pill to swallow, and it comes from a decidedly secularist point of view. I don’t whole heartedly accept his thesis, but the evidence seems to strongly support it. It does give one a diffrent view of one’s religion when it isn’t the dominant perspective. His thesis depends on the egoism of postmodernism remaining dominant, but just as all dominant philosophical paradigms change so will this one. The question is how long this individualism can survive. But even beyond that point, I hold a supernatural faith that includes the work of God beyond philosophical worldviews.
Tuesday, 12 February 2008 at 1:04 am
I am not surprised by Bruce’s conclusion. Evidently, one will not agree totally with his sociological approach to religion or Christianity, per se. However, he has some valid points. As a prof. of French language and culture. People do not attend church in France. So the decline is relatively throughout Europe.
Tuesday, 12 February 2008 at 7:25 am
Yeah, I would definitely say France is a few more years down the same road that Britain and the US are.
As the US moves down that path, interesting things are going to arise. One central one is the desire to move out of public schools (cf. http://www.jesuscreed.org/?p=3453). I’m not a big fan of that movement, but if Bruce’s supported community idea is right…?
Wednesday, 13 February 2008 at 4:23 am
I personally think some christian leaders are taking this matter too far, arguing that christians should remove their children from the public school system.
Wednesday, 5 September 2012 at 9:49 am
Interesting article. However I believe that humans are spiritual beings but living of course in a social context, which at present is toxic to faith. I doubt whether social conditions , now or for the for seeable future, are conducive to allow committed Christians to ” sell ” our faith to a big slice of the general public. In other words I do not see, although I am very sad to say this, a big revival happening. Of course I would be very happy for God, through the Holy Spirit , to prove me wrong ! However as things stand and the trajectory is looking, the public is too absorbed in ego, consumerism and ever more emphatic individualism to accept any guidance from God. They have been told that by the cultural leaders of our society that they , as individuals are in charge. I think that we have to be strategic, identifying ways to ensure the survival of the faith during these secular times, and get into a good shape to relaunch it when the public eventually tires, as it will, with its current preoccupations.